What is the difference between effective density, true density and apparent density?

Powder

Effective density measures how efficiently a quantity, like particles or energy, is distributed in a space. This concept is often applied in materials science, physics, and environmental studies. It assesses how density affects system behavior and performance. For example, in materials science, effective density can affect strength and conductivity. In environmental studies, it may relate […]

Selection principle of bag filter filtration speed

Dust-collector-upper-body

Selecting the filter speed of bag dust collector is key. It should be based on the type of smoke or dust. It should consider where it will be used. It should also consider dust size, thickness, and gas temperature. Also, it should consider moisture, dust levels, and filter materials. Select a low value when the […]

Light calcium carbonate production and surface modification technology and equipment

Light calcium processing flow chart

Light calcium carbonate modification improves its properties for specific industrial uses. This modification can use various techniques. They include surface treatment and adding functional additives. These improve properties like dispersibility, stability, and compatibility with other materials. Limestone is used to make light calcium carbonate. It’s heated to make lime (calcium oxide) and carbon dioxide. Then, […]

What does the carbon black dispersion tester test?

Electron microscopy

The carbon black dispersion test is vital. It checks the uniformity and distribution of carbon black in a polymer matrix. This test is vital for industries that use carbon black, like rubber and plastics. It affects the materials’ strength and performance. The tester measures and analyzes the carbon black particle distribution. It measures them in […]

Heavy calcium and light calcium, 10 essential differences

Calcium-carbonate-powder-for-ceramics

Now, the market has mainly heavy, light, activated, and nano calcium carbonate. Heavy and light are the most used. Many users often have questions. They are all calcium carbonate. So, what is the difference between heavy and light forms? Production method We make heavy calcium carbonate by crushing natural minerals. These include calcite, limestone, chalk, […]

Technology for preparing decorative sintered bricks using iron tailings and coal gangue

Iron tailings

Tailings are considered “waste” discharged by mining enterprises under certain technical conditions. They refer to tailings. These are discharged after ores are crushed and beneficiated to extract useful components. These are mine wastes that can’t be sorted further at present. Various tailings are generally piled up in tailings ponds near mining mines. The mining time […]

What is the difference between graphitization and carbonization?

Graphitization

The difference between graphitization and carbonization lies in their processes and outcomes in the treatment of carbon-containing materials. Carbonization is the thermal breakdown of organic materials without oxygen. It produces a carbon-rich char. This process typically occurs at lower temperatures and focuses on removing volatile components. In contrast, graphitization transforms carbon into graphite. It uses […]

How to disperse conductive carbon black?

Carbon Black

Superconductive carbon black is also called toner. It is commonly used as a pigment and filler in the industry. It can give paints, varnishes, inks, plastics, etc. in a bright black color. It is also resistant to UV rays, acids, and alkalis. In production applications, carbon black powder can spread evenly in many media. This […]

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